Archives January 2026

The dynamics of global diplomacy in the era of climate change give rise to new challenges and opportunities that require collaboration from countries around the world. Climate change is not only an environmental issue, but also an important political, economic and social aspect. Climate diplomacy is now the main agenda in international meetings such as the COP (Conference of the Parties) held by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). One of the important points in this diplomacy is international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, which serves as a multinational framework for tackling climate change. Countries are committed to limiting global temperature rise and investing in renewable energy. However, the main challenge is the inequality in responsibilities and capabilities between developed and developing countries in dealing with climate change. Second, shifts in global power also influence this dynamic. Countries such as China and India are increasingly showing interest in leadership on climate issues, which could possibly change the tradition of western dominance in global diplomacy. This opens up space for new coalitions and interactions between countries that can be more productive in discussing innovative solutions. In addition, the role of civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is increasingly important in climate diplomacy. They function as a bridge between the government and society by raising awareness, encouraging transparency, and demanding accountability from state leaders. Growing activism, such as the Fridays for Future movement, has brought young voices into global discussions. Private sector initiatives should also be considered. Many companies are now adopting sustainable practices to reduce their carbon footprint, investing in green technologies and supporting progressive climate policies. Cooperation between the government and the business world will be very important in realizing ambitious targets. Technology also has a vital role. Innovations in renewable energy, energy storage, and water resources management became focal points in talks and negotiations. Countries that produce and implement this technology will gain economic benefits and more influence in international forums. The dynamics of global diplomacy are also influenced by issues of food and water security. Climate change has a direct impact on the availability of these resources, the influence of which can fuel conflict between countries. Thus, cooperation in resource management can be the basis for building more stable relations between countries. In this context, education and capacity building are important tools for increasing countries’ understanding and ability to respond to the impacts of climate change. Investments in scientific research and development can strengthen a country’s position in global negotiations. Collective awareness of the need for faster and more effective action is creating new momentum in global diplomacy. World leaders are now required to be proactive in facing the threat of climate change, formulate long-term oriented policies, and carry out cross-border cooperation. Through collaboration, innovation and paradigm shifts, the dynamics of diplomacy in the era of climate change show that collective efforts are the key to ensuring the sustainability of our planet.

Interest rate increases are an important tool used by central banks to control inflation and stabilize the economy. The impact of this increase in interest rates is widespread, affecting various sectors of the global economy. One direct impact is an increase in borrowing costs. When interest rates rise, the cost of borrowing money for investment and consumption increases. Companies planning to expand may delay their projects due to additional costs. This can affect GDP growth, especially in countries that depend on direct investment. The housing sector also felt a significant impact. An increase in interest rates generally results in a decrease in demand for mortgages, as installments become higher. This causes a decrease in home prices, which can result in a decrease in consumer wealth. Reduced demand could have knock-on effects in the construction sector, affecting employment and consumption across the economy. In the context of inflation, the main purpose of increasing interest rates is to reduce inflationary pressures. With higher borrowing costs, consumer and corporate spending tends to decrease, which helps lower demand and, in turn, inflation. But if the increase in interest rates lasts too long or is too sharp, this could trigger a recession, where economic growth experiences contraction. From a global perspective, changes in interest rates in one country can affect international capital flows. For example, if interest rates in the United States increase, investors may withdraw investments from developing countries in pursuit of higher returns in the US market. This could worsen the financial conditions of developing countries, which depend on foreign capital for their economies. Changes in interest rates also impact currency exchange rates. An increase in interest rates tends to increase the value of a currency because it attracts foreign investors. This can affect the competitiveness of the country’s exports, as exported goods become more expensive for foreign buyers. This could lead to a larger trade deficit. On the other hand, the positioning sector in the stock market felt a negative impact. Rising interest rates often encourage investors to sell stocks and switch to safer bonds. This can result in a decline in the overall stock index, reducing the value of investments and affecting investor confidence. Additionally, individuals who have debt with variable interest rates are also affected. Rising interest rates can result in a spike in debt repayments, burdening household budgets and reducing consumption. Declining consumer spending is an important catalyst for economic slowdown, triggering a negative cycle. The increase in interest rates may serve as two sides of the coin. On the one hand, they can keep inflation under control and maintain long-term economic stability. On the other hand, if applied excessively, they can trigger economic stagnation or recession. Therefore, interest rate policy requires careful handling from central banks around the world.